THE IMPACT OF ENCROACHMENT ON AGRICULTURAL LAND ON LAND CLASSIFICATION AND PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY FOR THE MOST IMPORTANT AGRICULTURAL CROPS

The phenomenon of encroachment on agricultural lands is considered one of the most serious problems facing Egypt at the present time, as it represents the destruction of the state’s capabilities and a threat to agricultural lands and Egyptian food security. This phenomenon has increased significantly from 2011 to 2018, when the extent of encroachments on agricultural lands reached About 90 thousand acres of agricultural land since 2011. The research problem was that agriculture in Egypt in general and agricultural lands in particular face many and overlapping environmental and non-environmental challenges, especially encroachments on agricultural land during the period (2011-2020), which cut off thousands of acres of old, highly fertile agricultural lands. In Egypt, which was transformed into residential buildings or non-agricultural activities, which had a negative impact on achieving the worth and efficiency of agricultural land, exploiting resources in a more efficient and higher productivity manner, and increasing the volume of agricultural output, especially from strategic agricultural commodities, despite taking many measures to protect agricultural land from deterioration. And increasing its productivity of various crops, but there are still deficiencies in these procedures that have led to a reduction in the productive efficiency of agricultural land and a decrease in its productivity of agricultural crops, especially strategic crops. The research mainly aimed to monitor cases of encroachment on agricultural land during the period (2011-2020) and its impact on land classification. It also aimed to measure the economic and environmental impacts on the productive capacity of the most important agricultural crops by identifying the changes that occurred in the quality of the agricultural land cultivated with those crops. Through different economic classifications. The most important results of the study were:

The number of infringement cases decreases annually by about 35,353 infringement cases, with an annual change rate of about 18% of the average of about 200,842 infringement cases, and the significance of this decrease has been proven.
The area of encroachment on agricultural land decreases annually by about 1,445 acres, with an annual change rate of about 16% of the average of about 9,068 acres annually, and this decrease has been proven significant.
The number of cases of removing encroachment on agricultural land is increasing annually by about 3,817 cases of removal, with an annual rate of change of about 6% of the average, and the significance of this increase has not been proven.
The area of clearance of encroachment on agricultural land increases annually by about 202 acres, with an annual change rate of about 20% of the average, and the significance of this increase has not been proven.
The number of cases of loss decreases annually by about 39,171 cases of loss of agricultural land, with an annual change rate of about 29% of the average of about 136,251 cases of encroachment, and the significance of this decrease has been proven.
The value lost from the study crops as a result of encroachment on agricultural lands. The crops of wheat, perennial alfalfa, and sugar beets represented about 40.4%, 29.3%, and 6.8% of the value lost from the winter crops, bringing the total value lost from the three crops to about 731.1 million pounds in Winter crop composition during the period (2011-2020), while the value lost from rice, maize, and sorghum crops amounted to about 34.5%, 32.6%, and 2.7% of the value lost from summer crops, bringing the total value lost from the three crops to about 1,161.1 million. pounds in summer crop composition during the period (2011-2020). Through the results obtained, it was possible to reach the research recommendations, which are:
It is necessary to determine the cordon of buildings at the level of cities and villages, especially for cities that do not have a desert backside.
Establish deterrent fines for trespassing on agricultural land.
Establishing housing associations for rural people.
Allocating spaces for farmers and rural people in the new lands.
Implementing and activating the law (military and police intervention).