A PROPOSED MODEL TO MEET THE CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ARISING FROM TRAFFIC CONGESTION AND POPULATION INCREASE IN EGYPT

The current research aims to analyze sustainable development threats and develop a proposed model for managing sustainable development challenges in overpopulation and irrigated congestion, by analyzing the current situation and identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to the implementation of the sustainable development strategy in the governorates of Greater Cairo. Study methodology: This study is descriptive, analytical, and quantitative, in which the researcher uses the descriptive method, which seeks to diagnose and describe the subject of the study from all its aspects and dimensions, and the inductive and deductive method, as they are complementary to each other, as well as some standard models. Researchers use a number of main tools and auxiliary resources related to the topic of research, which are as follows: A number of scientific theses prepared in the same field of research - Group of specialized scientific books and references in the field of research - Some tables and statistics that contain data related to the field of study and analysis. The limits of the study were as follows: the spatial limit of the governorates of Greater Cairo (Cairo - Giza - Qalyubia) - the time limit for the period from the 1996 census until the 2017 census - the objective limit of the challenges of sustainable development for each of (population growth - traffic congestion).
The study showed the following results: The study found that the population of Egypt doubled for the first time in fifty years, meaning that the population increased by 9.3 million people during fifty years, while it doubled for the second time during the period from the 1947 census to the 1976 census to reach 36.6 million, an increase of 17.6 million people in thirty years. It only doubled for the third and last time until the 2006 census, reaching about 72.82 million people in thirty years. Traffic congestion is one of the reasons for the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, as emissions in 2018-2019 amounted to about 199.78 million tons, which does not include consumption of natural gas in the industrial sector for non-energy purposes. The cost of the environmental impacts on the national economy amounted to about 16 billion dollars, where the cost of the environmental impacts is calculated at 80 dollars for each ton of carbon dioxide gas, according to the estimates of the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics.
The research recommends adopting the issue of redistributing the population, urbanization, and economic activities away from the governorates of Greater Cairo in general and Cairo governorate in particular - controlling urban growth and its trends in line with the optimal utilization of available resources - the need to develop urban development plans and the urban space for Egyptian villages and cities. Work to improve the transportation system, roads, and bridges. Activating the Prime Minister's decision to replace the tuk-tuk with minivan cars. Accelerating the implementation of the subway network - providing suitable parking spaces for cars - not allowing the renewal of the license of obsolete vehicles that are more than 20 years old - speeding up the initiative to replace cars that are more than 20 years old with new cars powered by natural gas.