Ain Shams University, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research
Journal of Environmental Science
1110-0826
2636-3178
39
3
2017
09
01
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME ISOLATED ALGAE FROM SIWA OASIS-EGYPT
1
23
EN
Abou El-Kheir
Wafaa, S.
Botany Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University
Farag,
Afaf, H.
Botany Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University
Yaakob,
Hanona, S.
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, Desert Research Centre
Darwish,
M. A.
Fertilization Technology Department, National Research Centre
Moustafa,
Yosra, E.
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, Desert Research Centre
10.21608/jes.2017.20361
In compliance to the recent surveys on algal species and their potentials to produce biologically active natural products, collection of algae were carried out during summer 2014 from five water habitats in Siwa Oasis. Three common microalgal pure isolates including one green alga<em> Chlorella vulgaris </em>and twoblue green algae<em> Chroococcus turgidus </em>and<em> Phormidium tenue </em>were obtained using BG11, Basal Bold and Zarrouk media. The methanolic extracts of the three algal species were tested for the antibacterial activity against eight human pathogenic bacteria <em>Enterococcus </em>sp., <em>Staphylococcus aureus,</em> <em>Acinetobacter baumannii, </em><em>Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, </em><em>Proteus </em>sp., <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>and <em>Salmonella tyhphi</em> using the agar well diffusion method. The results revealed that <em>Phormidium tenue</em> showed the highest promising antibacterial activity so it was choosed for successive extraction by using petroleum ether, ethylacetate, 80%methanol and water solvents. Among the tested solvents the ethyl acetate successive extract showed the highest antibacterial activity. Results of some chromatographic investigations for the ethyl acetate extract indicated that the phenolic compounds were the main components. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique was used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the bioactive phenolic compounds. It resulted in identification of 22 phenolic compounds with different concentrations ranging from 1755.2 to10.425 μgg<sup>-1</sup>for ethyl vanillate and catechol compounds, respectively.
Key words: Algae isolation,algal extract,Antibacterial activity,human pathogenic bacteria,High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_20361.html
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_20361_79dd38fcdb116230d19b27194951f51a.pdf
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research
Journal of Environmental Science
1110-0826
2636-3178
39
3
2017
09
01
BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS TOWARDS OZONE THERAPY FOR HCV INFECTION
25
50
EN
Abd Elaziz,
Kh. M.
Department of Community, Occupational, and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
El-Saati,
Samya. H.
Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University.
Habachi,
M. H. M.
10.21608/jes.2017.20362
During the last decade, Viral Hepatitis C (HCV) has emerged as a new biological threat. Studies were performed in Egypt, between 1999 and 2008 to evaluate the role of ozone therapy for HCV. Whether the disease was in early or late stage, ozone therapy was found to be an effective, safe and, less expensive method in treating hepatitis “C” patients, used alone or in combination with drug therapy. Our study aims to investigate attitudes among physicians and patients towards the disease conditions, predisposing factors and, different therapeutic approaches including ozone therapy for HCV. Using two interview questionnaires, first for physicians (n=42) and the second for patients (n=50), managing HCV cases, via face to face structured interviews at the site of treatment reception in Cairo and Alexandria. Sites were grouped into three categories: (1) Ministry of Health governmental organizations and university hospitals (2) Army Facilities (3) Private clinics and centers. Snowball sampling method for ozone therapy, and conventional therapists interviewed after obtaining permission from the director of each establishment visited. Negative attitudes towards ozone therapy were observed among our study sample physicians with significant differences when distributed by place of study and physicians specialty. In our study sample 38.1% of physicians believe that ozone therapy is not scientific evidence based medicine. Moreover, 54.8% assumed that ozone is an illegal and unapproved therapy for HCV. (93.1%) of the patients interviewed in governmental organization clinics and university hospitals never received ozone. 62.5% interviewed in private and army clinics had ozone therapy, and they all had positive attitudes towards ozone therapy for HCV. More research is needed to elucidate the debate concerning ozone therapies.
Keywords: oxygen ozone therapy,hepatitis C,behavioral patterns,Physicians,patients,alternative,medicine,(CAM),Complementary
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_20362.html
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_20362_0c1f4cfc19df407814c8b875390f2d51.pdf
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research
Journal of Environmental Science
1110-0826
2636-3178
39
3
2017
09
01
ALGAL GROWTH AND NUTRIENTS REMOVAL AS AFFECTED BY NITROGEN SOURCE
51
73
EN
El-Kassas,
H. I.
Institute of Environmental Studies and Research, Ain Shams Univ
El-Sayed,
A .B.
Algal Biotechnology Unit, Fertilization Technology Dep.; National Research Centre
Mostafa,
Maryam, M.
Central Lab. for Environmental Quality Monitoring, National Water Research Center
Reda,
Marwa, M.
10.21608/jes.2017.20363
The current work was performed aiming at the determine growth line of two different algae species under two different nitrogen sources which in turn affect some nutrients removing from growth medium as an earliest experiment for future use of algae in agricultural drainage water treatment. Two different algae species were tested in the current study to determine their growth potential as they grown with their original growth media and under replacement of original nitrogen source. The first alga was <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> belonging to <em>Chlorophyta</em>, while the second is <em>Spirulina platensis</em> belonging to <em>Cyanophyta</em>. BG-II growth medium was used for the first one and Zarrouk growth medium was implemented to the second. The original nitrogen source of both media was substituted by low price form as urea by the same equivalent. Daily determination of biomass was performed beside nutrients removal.
The results showed that nitrate stimulated growth of both <em>Chlorella</em> and <em>Spirulina</em> algae and urea seems to be the proper in <em>Chlorella</em> growth rather than <em>Spirulina</em>. Maximum nutrient removal or absorption was observed during the early growth period (48 hours). <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> was found to be more bio-removal agent rather than <em>Spirulina platensis</em>.
Keywords: algae,nitrogen source,dry weight,Nutrients Removal
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_20363.html
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_20363_eeaa969748d482a7f8d20614e3461368.pdf
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research
Journal of Environmental Science
1110-0826
2636-3178
39
3
2017
09
01
AWATER PRICING STRATEGIES AS AN ECONOMIC TOOL TOWARDS WATER SECURITY
75
102
EN
Nadim,
I. E.
Faculty of Commerce, Ain Shams University
Saad,
S. A.
Strateic Research Unit (SRU), National Water Research Center, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Egypt
Helal,
Ngwa, S.
Egyptian Public Authority for Drainage Projects
10.21608/jes.2017.20364
Scarcity, value in use, and easiness of access; among others; determine the economic value of goods as well as the willingness to pay for these goods. Although, water is not an exemption, it is a life sustaining good for all living creatures and an input for almost all products. Thus, the application of economic tools in dealing with the provision of water should be controlled by consideration the very special nature of water.
On one hand, water pricing presents one of the economic tools to promote the efficient use of water, and to supply necessary funds to develop water infrastructure. Nonetheless, if they are not wisely formulated, they may jeopardise the society’s socio-economic-political wellbeing.
On the other hand, inherited social and economic rights over decades allowing people to get water for low unrealistic charges or even for free represents a main obstacle confronting the implementation of any pricing strategy.
Following the analytical descriptive method, secondary data associated with the applied pricing methods were obtained from published reports to allow the assessment and analysis of such data to realize the most applicable water pricing strategy.
Nonetheless, and due to lack of a standardized methodology to price water in different usages internationally. Water pricing should be based on a policy coherence that mainly takes into consideration the socio-economic security goals of the society and considers the interaction, prioritization and overlap between these goals in order to minimize trade-offs.
Key Words: Water pricing,water value,water cost,water markets,conservation,Strategy,water security,Reliability
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_20364.html
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_20364_c2f8fa4ca5152b9192af557d443bd760.pdf
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research
Journal of Environmental Science
1110-0826
2636-3178
39
3
2017
09
01
CONTEMPORARY CULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES AND ITS IMPACT ON VALUE SYSTEM OF CITIZENS RESIDING ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREAS - AN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN CAIRO AND LUXOR
105
133
EN
Awad,
M. I.
Institute of Environmental Studies & Research, Ain Shams University
Mohamed,
H. I.
Faculty of Arts, Tanta University
Mahmoud,
A. A.
The National Center for Educational Evaluation and Exams
Ahmed,
Salwa, A.
10.21608/jes.2017.21002
The study on the overall objective of the study of what happened from the cultural and environmental variables in surrounding community and the neighboring areas of archaeological the cities of cairo and luxor and impact on their moral layout –The study of the cultural and environmental variables and thakiqhabiyn individuals who live next to thearchaeological sites and moral individuals –study of environmental variables variables variation in their investigation and arranged between the relative proportions dwellers regions of cairo and luxor –examine the relation ship between cultural and environmental rariables and layout moral to residents in the vicinity of areas of archaeological cities of cairo and luxor- the study consisted of a sample of (588) in cairo(225) in luxor –The researcher used the descriptive approach correlative comparative and direct interview tools and scale contemporary cultural variables and scale contemporary environmental variables and scale pattern moral prepred by the researcher
The results showed the weak enjoyment of the study sample in cairo and luxor in contemporary culture and environmental variables and their low value.There was a clear decrease in the the arithmetical averages of these variables which affected the development of tourist attractions through through the answer of the respondents which showed the weakness of some culture variables of the inhabitants of the archaedogical areas such as the lack of scientific and technological culture. In thlight of the previous conclousions, the reserchers reached the folloeing recommendations Educating residents about the value of monuments and establishing successful tourism project.
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21002.html
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21002_b51187879c03643d41d11481152b3ac3.pdf
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research
Journal of Environmental Science
1110-0826
2636-3178
39
3
2017
09
01
THE DYNAMICS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN URBAN MAN AND ARCHEOLOGICAL SPACE IN CAIRO - A FIELD STUDY FOR SOCIO-BEHAVIOR AND ATTRACTION AND EXPULSION FOR TOURISTS
135
170
EN
Al-Atiq,
A. M.
Institute of Environmental Studies & Research, Ain Shams University
Ebeid,
Magda, I.
Institute of Environmental Studies & Research, Ain Shams Universit
Abd El-Latif,
M. A.
Abd El-Latif, M. A.
Faculty of Tourism & Hotels, Al-Mansoura University
Ahmed,
Aida, A. H.
Historical Cairo is enriched with important archeological and historical places that embody the richness of the city. Cairo city has been included in the world heritage list in 1979 under the title “Islamic Cairo”, for its remarkable archeological, historical, and civilizational importance. This study purpose is to identify the personal aspects in a selected sample from inhabitants, employees, visitors, and tourists through applying scale of personal evaluation, and for identifying also the human being’s relationship to the archeological environment (affect and effect). The study also drives at examining the relationship between inhabitants, visitors, and personnel in tourism field and the monumental materialistic environment; examining as well the relationship between tourists and the materialistic archeological background, identifying as well the personal characteristics, either the positive or the negative within the monumental environment. The study follows the descriptive method through a qualitative quantative depiction. The study uses the inductive analysis in order to analyze, explain, and deduce results.<br /> The study population is selected from residents in historical Cairo and employees who are working in archeological areas, in addition to visitors and tourists. Questionnaire forms consistent of (190) items are distributed as follows: (117 forms for residents, 43 forms for visitors and tourists, 30 forms for employees and workers in tourism). The study comes to these results: There are significant statistical differences at (0.05) significance level between average scores of (employees and visitors) and (employees and residents) on the full Scale of Evaluating Personality; while there are no significant statistical differences at (0.05) significance level between average scores of (residents and visitors). There are significant statistical differences at (0.05) significance level between average scores of (employees and inhabitants) and dimensions of Scale of Evaluating Personality. There are no significant statistical differences at (0.05) significance level between average scores of (employees and inhabitants) regarding the dimensions of Scale of Evaluating Personality. There are significant statistical differences at (0.05) significance level between average scores of the full questionnaire and dimensions of Scale of Evaluating Personality. The study recommends the need for considering the social dimension, focusing only on the historical only and dynamics of interaction of the relationship between residents and the surrounding areas. The study also recommends not neglecting the role of the human element in producing tourist development process, setting developmental plans for archeological areas with no regards to local residents’ perceptions.<br /> <br />
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21003.html
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21003_a786e70ff316f2381593ab7aa21a9c4f.pdf
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research
Journal of Environmental Science
1110-0826
2636-3178
39
3
2017
09
01
THE ROLE OF ACTIVITY GROUPS IN THE TREND TOWARDS REDUCING OF SCHOOL VIOLENCE [7]
171
190
EN
Awad,
M. I.
Institute of Environmental Studies and Research, Ain Shams University.
Amer,
M. E. A.
Higher Institute of Social Work in Kafr El Sheikh
Hani,
A. F.
Institute of Environmental Studies and Research, Ain Shams University
Tohami,
Ghada, E. M.
Higher Institute of Social Work in Benha
10.21608/jes.2017.21004
It is concluded from this study that the activity groups have a role in reducing the trend towards school violence, but it is a weak role and needs a great effort, because it faces many difficulties and problems that hinder these groups to perform their role to the fullest. The study consisted of a sample of (240) male and female students distributed among (4) schools belonging to Minya Al-Qamh Educational Administration. Study on the Social Survey Method A survey questionnaire was used for middle school students participating in activity groups, an interview guide for social workers, supervisors of middle school work groups, and social work supervisors of the Minya al-Qamh Educational Administration. The study showed several results, the most important of which are that the activity groups know the causes of behavioral problems leading to violence (47.5%). They know how to deal with behavioral problems that tend to be violent (41.7%). The group also instills religious values by (34.6%). The results of the study showed that the most practiced methods of activity groups are recreational trips (50.4%), Establishment of environmental work camps to instill values and discharge excess energy, establishment of afforestation and environmental clean-up projects (30%), and preparation of awareness guidelines on violence (29.6%), The study found a number of recommendations, including students' awareness of behavioral problems, the dangers of school violence, their definition of how to cope with behavioral problems, the confirmation of national and national concepts, plans and integrated programs; Pamphlets, brochures and books that contribute to reducing the trend towards school violence among pupils.
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21004.html
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21004_680991a5d72da3a44ac10266d0aa28d4.pdf
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research
Journal of Environmental Science
1110-0826
2636-3178
39
3
2017
09
01
www.almasryalyoum.com THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A PROGRAM GUIDE TO DEVLOP COPING STYLES WITH ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES IN MOTHER BREADWINNERS
191
224
EN
Ibrhim, A
Asmaa, A.
Faculty of women, Ain shams University
Seyam,
Azza, A.
Faculty of Arts, Banha University.
Zedan,
Hanan, E.
Institute of Environmental Studies and Researches, Ain Shams University.
Abd elhafeez,
Nadia, M.
10.21608/jes.2017.21006
The study aimed to verify the effectiveness of the pilot program prepared by the researcher to develop positive coping styles of environmental stresses have breadwinners mother, to identify the impact of the indicative program at the low level of stresses have a breadwinner mother, identify the impact of guiding the program to raise the level of life satisfaction have a breadwinner mother. The study sample consisted (20) or divided into 10 pilot, and 10 control, from a core sample of (50) between the ages of (30-53) educational level of low economic inCairo Governorate. study method the counts on the experimental method ,study tools Initial Data Form prepared by the researcher, measuring Economy Level Form Social preparation Abdul Aziz person, scale for measuring environmental stresses prepared by the researcher, scale for measuring coping style preparation by carver shire, scale for measuring life satisfaction scale for the by Majdi Dasuki, Program guide for the development of positive coping style preparation by researcher. The study found the totel important results there are statistically significant differences between the mean scores after before of the experimental sample on the scale of the methods of coping style for positive and negative coping in all coping style except two methods (planning-humor). There are statistically significant differences between before and after in remote measurement of the experimental sample on the scale of environmental stresses in all dimensions except one dimension (economic stresses). There are statistically significant differences between after and before of tribal measurement degrees and post experimental sample on the scale of life satisfaction except after (happiness). there are statistically significant differences between of the experimental sample grades and the control on the scale coping style of all positive deportation methods for the experimental sample except two methods ( planning - Humor). For negative methods, there are differences between the experimental and control sample . There were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental sample and the control sample on the stresses scale in all dimensions except one dimension (economic stresses). There are statistically significant differences between the averages of the experimental sample grades and control sample on the scale of life satisfaction in all dimensions except after (happiness) there are statistically significant differences between the average scores of measurement and dimensional measurement iterative experimental sample on the scale coping style stresses in all dimensions . And environmental pressure scale of all dimensions. And the measure of life satisfaction in all dimensions.<br /> <br />
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21006.html
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21006_89c5c2574e79167b47a91f0721f06ee6.pdf
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research
Journal of Environmental Science
1110-0826
2636-3178
39
3
2017
09
01
hSOCIAL AND PHYSICAL PROBLEMS THAT HINDER A MAN POLICE ABOUT THE PERFORMANCE OF HIS WORK AND ITS IMPACT ON JOB SATISFACTIO - A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS
225
247
EN
Ahmed,
H. A.
Institute of Environmental Studies & Research Ain Shams University
Ahmed,
G. Sh.
Institute of Post Graduate of Childhood Ain Shams University
أحمد حسنى
السيد
Police Academy, The Interior Ministry
Ali, Naglaa,
A. A.
10.21608/jes.2017.21007
<strong>Problem of the study:</strong> Work pressures are one of the most important contemporary challenges facing the human element in any organization of different nature, because of the negative effects on the level of individuals, organizations and communities, which increase the interest in studying and identify the sources and effects<br /> The study seeks to achieve Identify the police all organs , Identify the tasks carried out by the police , Recognize the difficulties facing the police during their work and Reduce the gap between the police and the people and restore confidence<br /> <strong>Importance of the study:</strong> To study the importance of societal and scientific importance<br /> <strong>Important</strong><strong> societal:</strong><br /> 1- The study is trying to identify the social problems and physical problems that hinder man police about the performance of his work<br /> 2- is concerned with the study to identify the obstacles that prevent transplant trust between the citizen and the man police<br /> 3- is concerned with the study by trying to put clear Strategy to build a bridge of trust between the citizen and the man police as especially after the recent events where the police lost confidence between them and members of the People<br /> 4- is concerned with the study to identify the services provided to citizens and the obstacles that stand in the way without providing these services<br /> 5- is concerned with the study of the definition of the citizens of the importance of the role of police in society and the importance of cooperation between members of the community and the police in the nation and raised upswing<br /> <strong>Scientific importance:</strong><br /> 1- This search may be adding something new to Scientific Library.<br /> 2- Enlighten decision makers with a new strategy to activate the slogan the police in the service of the people<br /> <strong>Curriculum used:</strong> The study is based on an analytical descriptive approach by presenting the problem and presenting the opinions and solutions developed by the researchers and analyzing these views and drawing conclusions from them<br /> <strong>The study relied on many tools:</strong><br /> <br /> A measure of the social problems of the workers'' officers in different quarters of the Ministry of Interior in Cairo and the tribal side of the sea face. The analytical descriptive method was used in the random sampling method on the sample of the study. It is composed of 300 respondents, 100 in Cairo, 100 in Upper Egypt and 100 in the Upper Egypt.<br /> The use of scholarly research, which was examined by researchers, including scientific literature in the science of police and social sciences and psychological Linguistic, bullying and previous studies related to the subject of the study.<br /> <br /> <strong>Conferences and scientific seminars that address important aspects of this study Results of the study:</strong><br /> <br /> Most of the officers suffer from the pressures of work, where the effects are reflected on them according to their personal abilities and level of culture and experience Functional and life.<br /> Increasing the quantitative and qualitative workload is one of the most important sources of work problems, which lead to psychological and physical stress and self-esteem.<br /> Most of the officers suffer from constant tension and anxiety in the work of the nature of the work of disciplined security and strict chain of command.<br /> <br /> <strong>Recommendations:</strong><br /> <br /> Reconsidering the number of daily working hours and activating the decision to work for 8 hours a day.<br /> Work to achieve the fairness of the role among all officers of different categories and positions.<br /> The need to provide an encouraging working environment for officers in order to increase efficiency and increase the effort made from the development of the work assigned.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br />
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21007.html
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21007_3fa9668103651b6c1410e16cb05b1427.pdf
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research
Journal of Environmental Science
1110-0826
2636-3178
39
3
2017
09
01
SOCIAL AND PHYSICAL PROBLEMS THAT HINDER A MAN POLICE ABOUT THE PERFORMANCE OF HIS WORK AND ITS IMPACT ON JOB SATISFACTIO - A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS
225
247
EN
Awad,
M. I.
Institute of Environmental Studies & Research, Ain Shams University
Hany,
A. F.
Institute of Environmental Studies & Research, Ain Shams University
Hassan,
Nesma, A.
10.21608/jes.2017.21009
<strong>Problem of the study:</strong> Work pressures are one of the most important contemporary challenges facing the human element in any organization of different nature, because of the negative effects on the level of individuals, organizations and communities, which increase the interest in studying and identify the sources and effects
The study seeks to achieve Identify the police all organs , Identify the tasks carried out by the police , Recognize the difficulties facing the police during their work and Reduce the gap between the police and the people and restore confidence
<strong>Importance of the study:</strong> To study the importance of societal and scientific importance
<strong>Important</strong><strong> societal:</strong>
1- The study is trying to identify the social problems and physical problems that hinder man police about the performance of his work
2- is concerned with the study to identify the obstacles that prevent transplant trust between the citizen and the man police
3- is concerned with the study by trying to put clear Strategy to build a bridge of trust between the citizen and the man police as especially after the recent events where the police lost confidence between them and members of the People
4- is concerned with the study to identify the services provided to citizens and the obstacles that stand in the way without providing these services
5- is concerned with the study of the definition of the citizens of the importance of the role of police in society and the importance of cooperation between members of the community and the police in the nation and raised upswing
<strong>Scientific importance:</strong>
1- This search may be adding something new to Scientific Library.
2- Enlighten decision makers with a new strategy to activate the slogan the police in the service of the people
<strong>Curriculum used:</strong> The study is based on an analytical descriptive approach by presenting the problem and presenting the opinions and solutions developed by the researchers and analyzing these views and drawing conclusions from them
<strong>The study relied on many tools:</strong>
A measure of the social problems of the workers' officers in different quarters of the Ministry of Interior in Cairo and the tribal side of the sea face. The analytical descriptive method was used in the random sampling method on the sample of the study. It is composed of 300 respondents, 100 in Cairo, 100 in Upper Egypt and 100 in the Upper Egypt.
The use of scholarly research, which was examined by researchers, including scientific literature in the science of police and social sciences and psychological Linguistic, bullying and previous studies related to the subject of the study.
<strong>Conferences and scientific seminars that address important aspects of this study Results of the study:</strong>
Most of the officers suffer from the pressures of work, where the effects are reflected on them according to their personal abilities and level of culture and experience Functional and life.
Increasing the quantitative and qualitative workload is one of the most important sources of work problems, which lead to psychological and physical stress and self-esteem.
Most of the officers suffer from constant tension and anxiety in the work of the nature of the work of disciplined security and strict chain of command.
<strong>Recommendations:</strong>
Reconsidering the number of daily working hours and activating the decision to work for 8 hours a day.
Work to achieve the fairness of the role among all officers of different categories and positions.
The need to provide an encouraging working environment for officers in order to increase efficiency and increase the effort made from the development of the work assigned.
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21009.html
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21009_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research
Journal of Environmental Science
1110-0826
2636-3178
39
3
2017
09
01
ELECTRONIC DRUGS AND THEIR ASSOCIATION TO SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ISOLATION AMONG UNIVERSITY YOUTH A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON BOTH GOVERNMENTAL AND PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES
249
277
EN
Al-Ati,
A. M.
Institute of Environmental Studies & Research, Ain Shams University
Refaat,
A. M.
Ex-Professor in Egyptian & Arab Universities
Mohamed,
Noura, G.
10.21608/jes.2017.21010
This study drives at identifying the electronic drugs and their relation to social and psychological isolation among university youth. It also aims to exposing the reasons have led to prevalence of electronic drugs, exposing as well the socio-psychological effects affecting prevalence electronic drugs.<br /> The researcher uses the descriptive method, being applied on a sample of (76) items divided into (24 females) and (52) males of university youth in governmental and private universities. The researcher uses a questionnaire form (electronic drugs), designed by researcher and scale of Social Isolation.<br /> <strong>The study comes to these results:</strong><br /> There are significant statistical differences between private and governmental education regarding impact of using electronic drugs on feeling of social isolation among governmental education students. Listening to electronic drugs has a negative impact on academic achievement.<br /> The researcher recommends holding awareness programs to prevent risks of listening to electronic drugs.<br /> Working on issuing laws and legislations that criminalize electronic drugs or circulation of drugs or even in possession of these drugs, working on veiling sites that merchandize electronic files that contain electronic drugs.<br /> <br /> <br /> <strong> </strong><br /> <br />
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21010.html
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21010_e7b86155f4850dfb264ed9415c6af56b.pdf
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research
Journal of Environmental Science
1110-0826
2636-3178
39
3
2017
09
01
EFFECTIVENESS OF A PROGRAM OF DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL SKILLS OF PRIMARY EDUCATION STUDENTS FOR NATURAL RESOURCES PRESERVATION
323
355
EN
Hussin,
M. A.
Faculty of Arts, Damietta University
Ibrahim,
M. M.
Institute of Graduate Studies for Children
Abd Elhakim,
F. J.
Faculty of Educational Studies and Research, Cairo University.
Mahmoud,
Walaa, S. M.
10.21608/jes.2017.21011
The study aimed to develop a program for the development of social skills among primary school students in a way that improves the exploitation of natural resources and the acquisition of the correct positive values towards the environment and conserved from "energy, water, food". The study sample consists of 60 students and students. The study of the conservation of natural resources, the proposed training program, the researcher used the semi-experimental method in the study, the study found that: There are statistically significant differences between the average control group and the experimental group after the use of the program The development of social skills for the conservation of natural resources in children on the scale of social skills for the benefit of the experimental group.<br /> <br /> <br />
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21011.html
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21011_2109458a7e546295508ca8e26e891424.pdf
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research
Journal of Environmental Science
1110-0826
2636-3178
39
3
2017
09
01
THE ROLE OF EGYPTIAN NEWSPAPRÈS IN SETTING THE AGENDA OF YOUTH TOWARDS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON AL-AKHBAR, AL WAFD AND AL-MASRI EL-YOUM NEWS PAPERS
375
383
EN
Omran,
Mona, A. M.
Akhbar, El-Youm Academy
Nour Eldin,
Omnia A
Institute of Environmental Studies and Research, Ain Shams University
Abdalla
A. M.
Akhbar, El-Youm Academy
10.21608/jes.2017.21013
The Agenda-setting Theory is considered from the theories of moderate influence that points to the influence of the media on the public, in a general perspective not a direct one, as this influence depends on multiple intermediate factors that either strengthen or weaken that relationship. The Agenda-setting theory means that the media has the ability to direct the attention and interest of the public towards certain issues consequently causing the public to identify them as important issues.
In this study, the researcher sought to find out the role of the Egyptian newspapers in ordering the priorities of environmental issues of university students, also this study is categorized under descriptive studies that uses survey and comparative methodologies ,also employing questionnaires to find out the interest and knowledge of university students related to environmental problems and Issues and how they prioritize them in their point of view and Also use content analysis to analyze Egyptian newspapers such as “Al-akhbar” newspapers, Al-Wafad Party, the independent Al-Masry Al-Yom
In the year 2016 this study was chosen to analyze the contents of newspapers due to several factors most notably, the organization of “akhbar elyoum” foundation of the campaign “helwa ya balady” during the months of summer to take care of the environment and to take advantage of the rubbish and recycle them in addition to organizing the conference on climate change in Morraco in 2016. Also this study was chosen to be applied in several government and private Universities; Cairo University, Ain-shams University, 6th of october University and akhbar elyoum Academy in order to discover how government and private University students think of environmental problems and Issues and how to deal with them, in addition to choosing “Al-akhbar” newspapers to represent national newspapers, “Al-Wafd” to represent political party newspapers and “Al-Masry El-Youm ” to represent independent newspapers, One of the most important results was the existence of a statistically significant correlation between the ranking of newspapers for the priorities of environmental issues and the prioritization of the same issues among the university youth under study. The most important recommendations include increasing specialized studies of environmental issues and increasing the area allocated for presenting environmental issues within the Egyptian newspapers
Key words: Agenda setting,Environmental Issues,newspapers
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21013.html
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21013_e4aaee52ad52a9c4261c90e6a6204854.pdf
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research
Journal of Environmental Science
1110-0826
2636-3178
39
3
2017
09
01
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF USING INNOVATION AND CREATION MANAGEMENT APPLIED STUDY ON THE CENTRAL AGENCY FOR ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION
385
415
EN
Sobh,
M. M.
Busines Dept. Faculty of Commerce, Ain Shams University
Ahmed,
Kh. H.
Accounting Dept. Faculty of Commerce, Ain Shams University
Hemdan,
Somaya, H.
Central Agency for Organization and Administration
10.21608/jes.2017.21016
The organizations aim at efficiency, prosperity and growth, which requires to learn new methods of management, in order to face the contemporary challenges , while working to achieve their goals. Whereas the environmental impact of the use of innovation and creation management in government units is focused on addressing the internal and external environmental changes of these units, which relates to the developments that have resulted from the information revolution and the technological trend in the business, which necessitates the organizations to respond to these developments by making the modifications that accompany these developments. Responding to new ideas and modern methods that enable organizations to address these challenges and problems. Where different organizations face many issues and problems that require their leaders and employees to think about reducing the reliance on the traditional approach based on trying and error in solving problems, and try to employ the creative approach in this regard. The management writers and managers today think that the need for organizations to Administrative innovation is an urgent need imposed by economic, social, political, cultural and other changes in society, as well as the changing and complex circumstances of contemporary organizations. The internal environment of governmental organizations in terms of administrative leadership and organizational aspects, as well as the external environment of governmental organizations in terms of legislation and governing laws and the surrounding cultural and social aspects affecting them may be hindered or counteracting the creativity and administrative innovation of these organizations, thus affecting the services provided To citizens and to the environment surrounding the organization positively or negatively by degree of empowerment or restriction of creativity and innovation in those organizations (Muhammad et al.,2016). Therefore, the research deals with the environmental impact of using the management of creativity and innovation in governmental organizations by applying them to the central organization for management and administration, in order to improve the performance of the system and the employees.
<strong>Keywords:</strong> administrative innovation, management of creativity
Keywords: administrative innovation,management of creativity,internal environment of the organization,external environment of the organization
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21016.html
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21016_f68cae20ab3ad230a5b897b251a1ec7c.pdf
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research
Journal of Environmental Science
1110-0826
2636-3178
39
3
2018
12
09
THE USE OF CLOUD COMPUTING AS A MEANS OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY
417
434
EN
Refaie,
Refaie, M. A.
M. A.
Faculty of Commerce, Ain Shams University
Ebeid,
Magda, E.
Institute of Environmental Studies & Research, Ain Shams University
Gabr,
S. M.
Faculty of Commerce, Ain Shams University
Gendy,
A. A. M.
Higher Institute for Specific Studies, Future Academy, Heliopolis.
10.21608/jes.2018.21027
The study clearly and explicitly emphasized the importance of applying green computing tools and safe disposal of computer waste and using cloud computing as one of the most modern technologies that overcome the obstacles that confront many institutions, especially the educational ones that are used in purchasing many expensive computers and purchasing the original programs for computer applications And to break the time and space barriers between the student and the lecturer and administrative, and relied on the sample of the study on students and faculty members and staff of the Institute of Environmental Studies and Research, and adopted the methodology of the study on the method of social survey of these categories The researcher used some methods of statistical processing and data was entered for the computer and unloaded in the statistical program SPSS, and reached the most important results that the financial constraints Administrative and administrative issues are the most important impediments to the implementation of green technology methods, and it was recommended that training courses be held for all sample groups to raise awareness of modern technologies for community service and sustainable development to provide energy consumption and reduce emissions and emissions. Harmful effects .
Key Words: (Green Technology – Green Computing – E-waste – Green Architect – Cloud Computing – E-Learning – Administrative and Financial Abstracts)
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21027.html
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21027_c22c0ebb77d50fcf1f6b17aaf12a6af1.pdf
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research
Journal of Environmental Science
1110-0826
2636-3178
39
3
2017
09
09
INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT ECONOMIES OF HIGH SALINITY WATER WELLS DESALINATION IN DESERT LANDS.
435
471
EN
Aly,
Abeer, F.
Faculty of Commerce , Ain Shams Unevirsty
EL.kassas,
H. I.
Institute of Environmental Studies and Research , Ain Shams University
Abo Zaid,
Dalia. E.
Desert Research Center.
Abd Alaziz,
M. O.
10.21608/jes.2017.21029
The research aims to reach for integrated management economies of small water desalination plants, to achieve sustainable development in the desert lands, by studying how to apply integrated management methods of high-salinity wells desalination plants, also estimate the cost of desalinated water unit produced from reverse osmosis desalination plants powered by solar energy by changing of independent variables that effect on cost finally, a financial analysis of the model of the integrated management project of a desalination plant powered by renewable energy in Al Shalatin area has been done, The main results were as follows:<br /> (1): Increasing the salinity of water from (ppm 2000) to (ppm 48000) led to an increase in the cost of water unit production from $ 0.839 - $ 1.242 / m <sup>3</sup>.<br /> (2): Increasing water temperature from (15( to (37) reduced the cost from $ 1.117-1.034 / m3.<br /> (3): Increased salinity concentration in water produced from 50 to 1000 ppm resulted in a lower cost of 1.0935 - 1.0810 $ / m3.<br /> (4): Increasing the production capacity of the desalination plant from 10 m3 / day to 150 m3 / day led to a decrease in desalination cost of cubic meter of desalinated water from 1.551 to 1.033 $.<br /> (5): The financial profitability of the project shows that the payback period was (four years and five months), (NPV) was (46657.21 $), the proportion of (CBA) (1.41), and (IRR) was 22.45%, which indicates the profitability of investment in such projects.
Keywords: economics of desalination,Reverse osmosis,water scarcity,simulation models
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21029.html
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21029_0a581e7e08b96123664e4d7efc0512f1.pdf
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research
Journal of Environmental Science
1110-0826
2636-3178
39
3
2017
09
09
PROPOSED FRAMEWORK FOR APPLYING BALANCED SCORECARD MODEL OF PERIODICAL MAINTENACE AIMING TO ACHIEVE SUSTANABLE DEVELOPMENT - APPLIED STUDY FOR USERS OF GAS COOKERS IN GREATER CAIRO DISTRICTS
473
499
EN
Abdul Azize,
M. Kh.
Faculty of Commerce, Ain Shams University
Sallam,
S. H.
Faculty of Commerce, Ain Shams University
Gomaa,
A. A.
Car Gas Company
Sayed,
M. M. M.
10.21608/jes.2017.21030
This study belongs to the pattern of experiential experimental studies for analytical descriptive as it is the most appropriate types of studies suitable for the nature of the subject of the study which aims to describe and analyze the balanced performance of the periodic maintenance in order to achieve sustainable development and our desire to know and define scientifically help us to reach a proposed framework for implementing the balanced performance model of maintenance Periodic.<br /> Thus, we can obtain facts through information, interpret them, draw conclusions, develop indicators that help reduce consumption in natural gas, provide for sustainable development processes, rational use of energy and its source. This study is one of the descriptive descriptive studies that measure the relationship between two independent variable variables, In maintenance maintenance and dependent variable is the achievement of sustainable development.<br /> And this is what is achieved by the study of the rundown of the results obtained by the researcher, so it is natural that the maintenance of gas stove users more attention. Because of its attachment through which it seeks the extent of interest of the state represented in the maintenance companies.<br /> The fields of study in the spatial, human and temporal domains were determined by the spatial sphere. For users of gas stoves in the Greater Cairo regions. The human area of the current study is a vertical sample for the users of gas stoves in the Greater Cairo regions. The time zone determines the time domain of the study in the period of implementation of the balanced performance section in the maintenance process and collecting the data from the study sample, from 15/1/2015 to 15/1/2016.<br /> After data collection and review, the data was automatically unloaded using SPSS 16.2 version. The following statistical parameters were used: arithmetic mean, standard deviation and weighted mean, test (T) for one sample to identify the total psychological stress and total compliance score of the Sample One sample T test ", as well as a test of two separate samples" Sample t test Independent ". ANOVA WAY ONE. A CHAVI test was used to determine the location of the function differences in the case of the function differences and the Pearson correlation coefficient.
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21030.html
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21030_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research
Journal of Environmental Science
1110-0826
2636-3178
39
3
2017
09
09
EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMICAL STRESS ON EMPLOYEES SATISFACTION AND ITS IMPACT ON COST AND QUALITY OF HEALTH SERVICES
301
332
EN
Fanous,
N. A.
Faculty of Commerce-Ain Shams University
Ragab,
M. H.
Institute of Environmental Studies & Research-Ain Shams University
Abdel Wahab,
A. M.
Faculty of Commerce-Ain Shams University
Al-Afifi,
Nashwa, A.
10.21608/jes.2017.21031
The current study drives at evaluating the environmental and economic stresses on employees’ satisfaction and their impact on quality and costs of health services. Theses stresses differ from one person to another. The concern with examining psychological stresses refers to the consequences and high costs caused by stresses for an individual and society equally. Therefore, the study’s purpose is to identify the level of occupational stresses employees suffer from, exploring as well the relationship between labor stress, job satisfaction, and quality of health services. It also drives at exploring the relationship exists between stress, age variable, and sex. In order to achieve study targets, a questionnaire form is designed collected through interview approach that has included a set of phrases for measuring the sample’s attitude towards study variables. The study sample consists of (100) items. The researchers have selected the research population from employees working in Ain Shams Specialized Hospital and a class-sample from all occupational levels, including some basic demographic characteristics of the study sample items, namely, sex, age, occupational level, scientific certificate, and years of experience.<br /> <strong><br clear="all" /> </strong><br /> <strong> </strong><br /> <strong>The study has come to several results as follows:</strong><br /> <br /> There is a significant effect of administrative stress resulted in the internal environment on employees’ job satisfaction, working in Ain Shams Specialized Hospital. <br /> There is also a significant effect of economic stress resulted in the internal environment on job satisfaction of the employees who are working in Ain Shams Specialized Hospital. <br /> There is a significant effect of quality of health services on job satisfaction of the employees who are working in Ain Shams Specialized Hospital.<br /> <br /> <strong>The study recommends the following:</strong><br /> <br /> Employees should fulfill only their necessary duties and works, canceling those aren’t necessary in order to reduce managerial stress. <br /> Employees should have sufficient time to fulfill their job tasks.<br /> Salaries should suit the work size and tasks they are in charge of.<br /> The hospital should allow employees free expression of their opinion concerning work problems.<br /> Re-designing work place to be characterized with comfortable and healthy environment that encourages fulfilling tasks.<br /> The management should support views and thoughts of employees for improving performance quality in the hospital.<br /> Working on satisfying employees’ needs to be able to create and innovate at work, holding also training courses to increase skills.<br /> <br />
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21031.html
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21031_feca7e0be3e5d417055b5a8d6fe13659.pdf
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research
Journal of Environmental Science
1110-0826
2636-3178
39
3
2017
09
09
PROPOSED ADMINISTRATIVE MECHANISMS TO ACTIVATE THE ROLE OF THE SECURITY AUTHORITIES TO CONFRONT THE THREATS ON THE WATER TABULAR
333
368
EN
El Shahat,
Nehal, M. F.
Institute of the studies and environment researches, Ain shams University
El Bassiouny,
R. M. R. M.
Ministry of Interior
El Shafey,
W. A. A.
Ministry of Interior
10.21608/jes.2017.21032
The study aims at setting proposed administrative mechanisms to activate the role of the security authorities to confront the threats on the water tabular, and identifying the authorities that work inside the Ministry of Interior and its role to protect the water tabular .. rather than the existence of many obstacles concerned with the protection of the water tabular on the societal level that represented in the Inactivity of the coordination between the different government authorities, whether the central or the local that led to the decisions conflict, alike the inactivity of the Physical, human and technological facilities for the security authorities, that guarantee to play an effective role to confront the threats on the water tabular, alike the necessity to real contribute of the national associations in the field of the protection of the water tabular. The study was followed by the analytical descriptive method. The study sample consisted of employees of the administrative and security departments at all levels to ascertain the real performance of their role and to explore their views on the water violations in the governorate and the administrative and organizational problems they face. Civil and civil organizations working to protect the watercourse from infringements and threats And the researcher used two tools in the study the first tool (Quantitative): where the use will be made available data administrative and security organs and individuals and organizations Civil society and the second tool (Qualitative): the data obtained from the cases of study, through observation and in-depth interview and the use of the news, and the study reached some of the most important results: The security agencies have an important role in the field of protection of water bodies, The lack of measuring devices and equipment and the necessary tools to prove crimes against the environment are of special importance to the judicial control officers because they are considered indispensable means in carrying out their work. The training officers are not regularly trained and trained on how to implement environmental legislation and how to confront the obstacles. The study also reached some recommendations, the most important of which are: To allow the representatives of the General Directorate of Environment and Environment Police, the EEAA and its branches in the governorates, the Ministries of Irrigation and Health and the sanitary drainage facility to enter the floating stations and river units at any time to ensure their commitment not to waste. Any waste on watercourses, granting the status of judicial control officer to the employees of the EEAA and its branches in the governorates, and representatives of the Ministries of Irrigation and Health and the competent sanitation facility, within the limits of their specific and spatial competence, to prove the crimes that are in violation of the provisions of the law, criminalize the obstruction of judicial officials responsible for the performance of their duties, putting the deterrent penalty for irregularities that occur from the state represented in some ministries and bodies.
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21032.html
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21032_47f01359a871592f5e3d5810f2de686a.pdf
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research
Journal of Environmental Science
1110-0826
2636-3178
39
3
2017
09
09
THE IMPACT OF THE DISCLOSURE OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE CORPORATE’S REPORTS ON THE STOCK PRICES OF COMPANIES LISTED IN THE EGYPTIAN SECURITY MARKET: AN APPLIED STUDY
369
389
EN
Abd ElBar,
A. H.
Faculty of Commerce Ain Shams University
Gohr,
K. M.
Faculty of Commerce Ain Shams University
Mohamed,
W. M.
Egyptian Agricultural Bank
10.21608/jes.2017.21034
The current study drove at identifying the impact of environmental responsibility disclosure in corporations’ reports on prices of the Egyptian stock variables-included corporations. This study was applied on (10) companies included within the S&P EGX ESG indicator in the time duration from 2011 to 2015. The content of reports, financial statements, and corporations’ sites on the international information net (internet) was reviewed using the content analysis approach. Data was analyzed using statistical approaches for testing relationship between study variables regarding the independent variable represented in disclosure of social responsibility and dependent variable reflected in prices of shares. Results indicate through the statistical analysis at testing hypotheses a low level of disclosure of social responsibility of corporations, as the disclosure level is 44.12% because of low pressure of stockholders on companies to fulfill their social role, since disclosure of social responsibility is an optional disclosure. The study indicates that there is no significant statistical relationship between disclosure of social responsibility in stock-included corporations and the shares of these corporations
Key Words: Disclosure of Social Responsibility – Stock Price – Egyptian Stock Exchange
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21034.html
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21034_0080e4c5f22380128ada3723050b24cb.pdf
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research
Journal of Environmental Science
1110-0826
2636-3178
39
3
2017
09
09
THE EFFECT OF ECONOMIC CHANGES IN EGYPT ON THE EXTERNAL TRADE
391
422
EN
Rehan,
M. K.
Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University
Abd El-Hameed,
Seham
Institute of Environmental Studies & Research, Ain shams University.
A Refaat,
A. A
Desert Research Center.
Ghazala,
Azza, M. A.
Desert Research Center.
Fahmy,
W. M.
Desert Research Center.
10.21608/jes.2017.21035
The foreign trade sector plays an important role in the economic development process especially in the developing countries. The development of Egyptian foreign trade is closely related to economic events and changes. It helps to achieve local market balances and increase national income in the event of a high rate of exports and reduction of imports.<br /> The problem of the study is that there are many problems facing foreign trade. In recent years, there have been many economic changes at the local level. These variables have had some effects on foreign trade and the trade balance.<br /> The study aims to identify the most important economic variables that affect foreign trade and identify the most important effects of economic changes on Egyptian exports and imports and ways of dealing with them, which can contribute in guiding trade policy to increase exports and reduce imports to reduce trade deficit.<br /> The research indicated that the total Egyptian exports to the world countries increased by LE 15,232.18 million and achieved the largest value of Egypt's total exports to the group of Western European countries, reaching about 3853.6 million pounds annually. The research found that the value of total exported exports to the world countries , Which reached about 57.1% in 2000 and improved in 2009, which reached about 0.2%. The research found that the total value of total imports to Egypt from the world countries was not stable, as it reached about 70% in 2000 and this coefficient improved in 2011 by about 2.3% The research referred to the statistical estimation of some of the multiple regression models (Forward, Stepwise, Forward), where it was proved that the economic variables that have a positive effect on the total Egyptian exports are the exchange rate in various equations for the various regression models. The increase in the exchange rate helps to increase the total Egyptian exports as well as the export support variable and the total investment variable. Where the equations of multiple regression models showed in various ways that the increase in export support and total investment help increase the total Egyptian exports. The research also proved that the economic variables that have a positive effect on the total Egyptian imports are the national consumption, The increase in national consumption helps to increase the total Egyptian imports as well as the variable population and the variable foreign exchange reserves. The equations of multiple regression models have shown in various ways that increasing national consumption and foreign exchange reserves help increase the total Egyptian imports.<br /> <br /> <br />
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21035.html
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_21035_39a6e72d10481a11f59ceedb8138ecfc.pdf