ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF THE DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENT FACTORS THE GROUNDWATER CHARACTERISTICS AT EL–SADAT CITY - EGYPT
This work aims to evaluate the pollution hazards of surface and groundwater at El–Sadat City, Egypt. Forty-five water samples were collected from the surface water bodies (El–Nasery canal and the oxidation ponds) and groundwater samples at the study area. The chemical composition of the water resources at El-Sadat city was outlined through out determination of pH, EC, TDS, major cations and anions. The pollution of the collected water samples was evaluated based on determination of minor elements, trace and soluble heavy metals as well as biological and bacteriological pollutants Results revealed that all surface water samples (El–Nasery canal) and the majority of the groundwater samples (93%) in the study area are fresh water, while the rest of the groundwater samples (7%) are brackish water. All surface water and majority of the groundwater samples (90%) are suitable for drinking as they have a salinity as well as nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and trace constituents less than the permissible limits as well as their low contents from faecal Coliforms. The rest of the groundwater samples (10%) are unsuitable for drinking as they have nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and trace constituents higher than the permissible limits as well as their high contents from faecal Coliforms.
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_55416_4fbec5cafb2c9743baa017e5071438b9.pdf
2019-03-01
1
27
10.21608/jes.2019.55416
Key words: Water chemistry
Water Pollution
water evaluation
El-Sadat City
Nora A. M.
Abdel-Rahman
1
Institute of Environmental Studies and Research, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Taha A. M.
Abdel Razek
2
Institute of Environmental Studies and Research, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Yahia R.
Gedamy
3
Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL USING WASTE FAT FROM ROASTED CHICKEN
Fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy which generate pollutants and are linked to global warming and climatic change. In order to overcome these problems, there is a need for an alternative for fossil fuels. The most common renewable fuel is biodiesel which is produced from vegetable oils, animal fat wastes and poultry. The aim of the present work was to study the transesterification of liquid fat resulted from chicken roasting. This fat was esterified with methanol and NaOH as a basic catalyst. Product yield of chicken fatty acid methyl Ester (CFME) was 79.1 % for liquid fat resulted from roasting. All quality control parameters for biodiesel produced (B100) were generally in agreement with ASTM standards. It can be concluded that chicken fat resulted from roasting is suitable for low cost feed stocks for biodiesel production.
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_55417_49545ca377a8545328ba5d2d0217a0e8.pdf
2019-03-01
29
54
10.21608/jes.2019.55417
Biodiesel
liquid fat resulted from roasting
transesterification
Heba M.
Mohamed
1
Professional Safety and Health at the National Center for Occupational Safety and Health Studies
AUTHOR
Taha M. A.
Razak
2
Institute of environmental studies and research, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Hamed A.
Derbala
3
Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ASSESSING NUCLEIC ACID TESTING VERSUS ELIZA FOR BLOOD VIRUSES DETECTION IN SOME BLOOD BANKS
INTRODUCTION: The goal of any transfusion service is to provide adequate and safe blood and blood products that meet the needs of patients. Transfusion-transmissible viral infections, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), remain a major public health problem in developing countries. Nucleic acid testing (NAT) is a molecular technique for screening blood donations to reduce the risk of transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) in the recipients, thus providing an additional layer of blood safety. AIM OF THE WORK: To assess the importance of implementing NAT assay to detect donors during window period which are not detected with Enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This cross sectional study was conducted at the Egyptian Abbassia regional Blood Transfusion center (ARBTC) at Abbassia, Cairo. Blood donation collected from 10000 voluntary donors from January 2016 to June 2016 and tested with both ID NAT and ELISA assays for HBV, HCV and HIV. RESULTS: NAT testing has the potential to detect viral nucleic acids of HIV 1-2, HBV, and HCV earlier than current screening methods. CONCLUSION: The implementation of NAT screening for three viruses has improved blood safety and reduced transfusion-transmitted infections.
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_55423_6cbe7991438e30b6438d9db3f15fee9e.pdf
2019-03-01
47
62
10.21608/jes.2019.55423
Hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis C virus
human immunodeficiency virus
nucleic acid amplification testing
transfusion-transmitted infection
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Nanis S. A.
El Attar
1
Department of Environmental Medical sciences, Institute of Environmental Studies and Researches, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Mostafa H.
Ragab
2
Department of Environmental Medical sciences, Institute of Environmental Studies and Researches, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Magda E. M. El
Mahdy
3
Department of Clinical Pathology, Al-Azhar University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
COMPARING TWO DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS FOR INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN QUESNA INDUSTRIAL ZONE
The industrial wastewater management in Egypt is one of the main goals for sustainable development. The water crisis in Egypt has lead the industrial sector to search for resource efficiency and cleaner production technologies through a proper management of water, energy, and raw materials. As a result, the aim of this study is to compare between 2 different environmental solutions for industrial wastewater management in Quesna industrial zone in Monofeya governorate. Industrial wastewater samples were taken from ten factories representing the ten main industrial sectors in the study area and five parameters were measured in each sample. Results achieved from the two different applied scenarios showed variation in flow rates, industrial wastewater loads, treatment methods, removal efficiencies, capital and operation costs of the applied scenarios. Finally, these scenarios were compared technically and financially to determine the best environmental solution for industrial wastewater management in Quesna industrial zone. This study could be applied for all industrial zone in Egypt using the same methodologies.
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_55447_f3991992fd93484d007e8911864fc630.pdf
2019-03-01
63
83
10.21608/jes.2019.55447
Industrial Wastewater Management (IWWM)
Quesna Industrial Zone
Industrial Sectors in Quesna
Industrial Wastewater Treatment (IWWT)
Environmental Solutions
Removal efficiency
and Industrial Wastewater Load
Maysara F.
Ahmed
1
Institute of environmental studies and research, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Mohamed E. A.
El Nadi
2
Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Nahla M.
Bawdy
3
Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
LIFE QUALITY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH FERTILITY OF EGYPTIAN WOMEN IN THE VIEW OF PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS FIELD STUDY ON DIFFERENT SOCIAL PLACES
The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between female fertility and certain variables in rural and urban areas. The aim of this study is to determine the differences between rural and urban on the health status of women. This study belongs to the pattern of descriptive studies in order to measure the relationship between two variables, A dependent variable is the fertility of women in the light of some psychological factors. The present study is based on the following methods: a quality of life measure by the researcher, a measure of psychological factors affecting the fertility of women by the researcher. The sample of the study was in a simple random sample. The sample size was in the Upper Upper Egypt (128) and the Upper Egypt (152). A simple random sample (119) was selected in rural Upper Egypt and a simple random sample was (138) single in Upper Upper Egypt.
The results of the study confirmed that there was a statistically significant relationship at a significant level (0.05) between fertility The main recommendations of the study were to introduce the concepts of women's health mainly in education decisions in terms of the negative effects of the environment on human behavior in general, and women in particular.
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_55624_77f79139586aed06cd6394355b9764a8.pdf
2019-03-01
85
117
10.21608/jes.2019.55624
Hussein A.
Hussein
1
Institute of Environmental Studies and Research, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Mustafa I.
Awad
2
Institute of Environmental Studies and Research, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Mustafa H.
Ragab
3
Institute of Environmental Studies and Research, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Ferial A.
Abdelkader
4
Demographic Center in Cairo
AUTHOR
Ahmed A.
Ahmed
5
Director of the Arab Project for Family Health, League of Arab States.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH VIOLENT BEHAVIOR OF THE PERSON AN APPLIED FIELD STUDY ON PSYCHOTHERAPY CENTERS IN CAIRO
This study aimed at identifying the health and environmental variables of the violent behavior of the individual in a sample of women and male and female children in the social welfare institutions in Greater Cairo. The sample of the study included (75) single cases for women and male and female children. (25) single children (25) single male children. The researchers used the case study methodology using a regular random sample. The researchers used the interview form to renew these variables. Results: 18 cases of the total sample of the study and the number of 75 respondents were violent behavior as a result of mental health variables and 1 case violence was the result of hormonal health variables, 20 cases suffer from family disintegration represented by separation of parents, 7 caseswere subjected to violence by the father's wife and 15 by the mother's husband, 10 cases were subjected to violence because they were orphans, 2 cases were subjected to social violence because they were the result of an illegal relationship, 5 cases were subjected to violence from one parent due to substance abuse، 5 caseswere subjected to violence from the alternative family ,3were subjected to violence from their husbands,4cases were subjected to violence in care homes, 6 cases were subjected to violence becauseof the ideas of a wrong cultural environment and 8 cases of the total sample were subjected to violence because of the poor economic conditions . Two cases of the total sample practiced violence as a result of bad friends and 2 cases experienced violence as a result of their viewing of the visual media and 50case experienced violence as a result of their poor mental state resulting from violence against them. (19) cases of the total sample suffered from health problems due to violence. The main Recommendations: Identifying the behavior and its components and the extent of the influence of ideas in behavior, Methods of solving problems in a scientific way, Methods of dealing with stress and anxiety, Positive thinking patterns in dealing with problems, Positive communication skills with others, Patterns of human figures and dealing with them
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_55625_31c87e4a90d6ba1a8f487c4ec279b518.pdf
2019-03-01
119
150
10.21608/jes.2019.55625
Dalia A.
Abdelmonaem
1
Institute of Environmental Research, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Amal A.
Shams
2
Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Ahmed E.
Shoman
3
Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
THE EFFECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS ON THE PHENOMENON OF VIOLENCE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN CAIRO GOVERNORATE
The current study attempts to uncover the effect of psychosocial factors on the phenomenon of violence among high school students in Cairo governorate. The theoretical importance lies in the attempt to benefit from the theoretical heritage in all the books about violence among high school students. The secondary school in Cairo, with a total of 400 individuals (200 males, 200 females). The researchers used the analytical descriptive method. As for the theoretical framework of the study, the researchers used the theory of frustration and aggression and this theory of social education.
The study reached a number of results, including, but not limited to, the research presents the most important conclusions and conclusions of the current study in the following points: Pay attention to sports and technical activities in schools to eliminate violence. Raising awareness to reduce violence through the media. Activating the role of social and psychological specialists in schools to help students with violent behavior. And to formulate policies to prevent violence and aggression within schools. Cooperation between school administration officials to confront violence among students. The school environment is based on education of love for these students. Meetings with parents to focus on positive dialogue between students and their parents. Those working in education, psychology, or social workers in schools should develop a psychological strategy, guidance programs and guidance to address this phenomenon in our secondary school.
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_55849_34a1f4d363c530ccaf802497edf84ede.pdf
2019-03-01
151
184
10.21608/jes.2019.55849
Sarah F. A.
Kenawy
1
Institute of Environmental Studies & Research, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Fouada M. A.
Hedia
2
Faculty of postgraduate childhood studies, Ain-shams University
AUTHOR
Sameha N. A.
Nasr
3
National Center for Social and Criminal Research
AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Abd El-Hameed
4
Faculty of Arts, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECTIVENESS OF A PROPOSEAL PROGRAM TO DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL SKILLS AND ENVIRONMENTAL FOR YOUTH FIELD STUDY OF ARAB SCOUTS ORGANIZATION'S
The present study aimed at developing the social and environmental skills of the youth of the Arab Scout Organization, as well as the contribution of the Arab Scout Organization to achieving its objectives in serving the environment through a proposed program. Interviews with a number of mobile people and also through attending conferences and workshops in the Arab Scout Organization. Some observations were drawn. The most important of these were the lack of scouting programs to use the skill of time management, teamwork and communication, The appropriate strategy to confirmandstrengthen, In view of the importance of afforestation skills and the preservation of the environment and the rationalization of the consumption of water, food and electric energy for the protection of the environment, a program was developed to develop social and environmental skills for youth members of the Arab Scout Organization. The study used the descriptive analytical method. The study tools were a note card and a questionnaire. The sample of the study was the members of the Arab Scout Organization in Cairo (75) youth during the period 2017/2018. The research tools were applied to the members of the research group (experimental and control) before and after the application of the program. The results of the research resulted in the effectiveness of the proposed program in developing the skill of time management, teamwork and communication skills. Therefore, the research recommended the importance of developing the skill of afforestation, Consumption of water, food and electrical energy for the protection of the environment.
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_55850_eb7f4890fb77295bcd7c59007cceae7a.pdf
2019-03-01
185
215
10.21608/jes.2019.55850
Wael M. R.
Abdo
1
Ministry of Environment
AUTHOR
Hatem A.
Ahmed
2
Institute of Environmental Studies & Research, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Moheb M. k.
ELRafii
3
Institute of Environmental Studies & Research, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Atef Abdel
Meguid
4
The Arab Scout Organization
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AN ENRICHMENT PROGRAM BASED ON PROBLEM CENTERED LEARNING STRATEGY ON DEVELOPING ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS AND INTELLIGENCE AMONG PREPARATORY STAGE PUPILS
The research aims to develop environmental ethics and intelligence among Preparatory Stages Pupils through designing an Enrichment Program Based On Problem Centered Learning Strategy and measuring its effectiveness. a list of environmental ethics and intelligence skills should be developed to pupils in preparatory stage pupils and designing the enrichment program included (20 an enriching activity.. Environmental Ethics scale was designed which included (36 items), and Environmental intelligence scale which included (24 items).The research Tools was applied pre application of the program on the experimental group. The program was applied on an experimental group (40 pupil), then the research Tools was applied post application. The results pointed out, there was a statistically significant difference among the middle-grades pupils in the experimental group in environmental ethics scalebefore the applying of treatment and beyond for the post application. There was a statistically significant difference among the middle-grades pupils in the experimental group scores measure student performance in environmental intelligence before applying the treatment and beyond for the post application. The research recommended the necessity of applying the enrichment Program to develop environmental ethics and Intelligence among preparatory stage pupils and involving environmental ethics and intelligence skills on various curricula. Key words: environmental ethics- Environmental intelligence - Problem Centered Learning Strategy - Enrichment Program.
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_56176_b904daf7de8dd45f854ca4b61399b3e1.pdf
2019-03-01
219
266
10.21608/jes.2019.56176
Safya A. M.
Ali
1
Institute of Environmental Studies & Research, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Abdel Messeh S.
Abdel Messeh
2
Institute of Environmental Studies & Research, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Reham R.
Mohamed
3
Institute of Environmental Studies & Research, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Mai E.
Khalifa
4
Faculty of Education, Helwan University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EVALUATION OF THE REPORTING PROGRAMS IN THE UPPER EGYPT SATELLITE CHANNEL IN LIGHT OF ITS DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIMENSIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CULTURE AMONG THE VIEWERS
The present study aimed at evaluating the viewer's reporting programs For this purpose, the researchers prepared a list to measure the dimensions of the environmental culture of the reporting programs in the Upper Egypt satellite channel (the cognitive dimension - the emotional dimension - the skill dimension). And then analyze the content of the reporting programs in the Upper Egypt satellite channel in light of the list of dimensions of environmental culture and then determine the trends of the viewers in the region of Upper Upper Egypt and then a proposed scenario is developed for reporting programs and to identify the effectiveness of this to visualize the proposal through a measure of environmental culture. The researchers used the descriptive approach (survey method - analytical method) in its steps and procedures to determine the objectives of the study. The researchers measured the dimensions of the environmental culture of the viewers of the Upper Egypt satellite channel. The sample of the study was (20) of the citizens of northern Upper Egypt and then used the researchers similar approach Experimental. The application of the program and its dimensions to measure the effect of the independent variable (the proposed program) on the dependent variable (environmental culture) was measured by its dimensions. The researchers were sure from the study data obtained from the respondents and The results showed differences in the effectiveness of the proposed program for reporting and support programs to develop the dimensions of the environmental culture of the viewers and the presence of differences of significance between the mean and tribal measurements for remote control at the level of 0.01%.
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_56177_adf5ea7f65cc963e4a8bc8aaaeeef8c5.pdf
2019-03-01
276
302
10.21608/jes.2019.56177
Esam M. M. M.
El Garhy
1
Institute of Environmental Studies & Research, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Mahmoud H.
Ismail
2
Faculty of Childhood, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Riham R.
Mohamed
3
Institute of Environmental Studies & Research, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A PROPOSAL TO ENHANCE THE CREDIBILITY OF SUPREME MONITORING AUTHORITIES OF ORGANIZATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE
The application of the concepts of sustainable development, environmental impact assessment and environmental management system has had a significant impact on the increased demand for data and information resulting from the application of environmental accounting systems. This requires the review of such systems and the issuance of reports which provide users of financial statements with information to help them make informed rationale environmental decisions and to assist in terms of the controlling, planning and monitoring environmental activities. Environmental review reports reveal the level of compliance of organizations with environmental policies and laws, protecting the environment from pollution and hazards, and avoidance of overuse of natural resources to achieve sustainable development and gain competitive advantages in addition to gaining competitive advantages, tax exemptions and avoiding penalties for non-compliance with environmental laws.
The study illustrates that the enhanced credibility of reports support how Central Auditing Organization (CAO) seeks to play a vital and evolving role in promoting effective environmental governance with an objective to regulate public and private behavior towards more accountability and responsibility for preserving the environment. All environmental audit results help the government achieve its environmental objectives towards sustainable development. CAO plays has an important role to play in ensuring that our governments are accountable, responsible and responsive to ensure that environmental sustainability issues are at the heart of targeted development initiatives to be achieved. In order to achieve the objective of the study and to test its hypotheses, the researcher adopted the analytical descriptive methodology and field studies to collect the necessary information and required data in order to complete the study.
The study sample consisted of Exploratory Sample: This exploratory survey was performed on a sample, which consists of 40 individuals to answer 40 questionnaires, which were all submitted upon completion, in order to verify the validity and consistency of the questionnaire. And Actual Sample: After verifying the accuracy and consistency of the measurement instrument, the questionnaire was distributed to the sample comprising of 200 forms, whereas the retrieved ones were 178 forms, 18 of which are not valid for statistical analysis. Hence, the actual sample consists of 160 forms.
The study tool was designed based on initial identification of the of the measure phrases used in accordance with the study topic, its objectives and questions, after detailed readings, literature review and consideration of previous studies related to the problem of study and the researcher’s experience. The study tool consists of: Part 1: includes personal data. Part 2: includes special phrases for environmental performance disclosure which includes 40 phrases divided into five dimensions. Part 3: includes the statements related to the credibility of the reports which includes 26 phrases divided into two dimensions. For validation purposes, we can measure the psychometric characteristics of this tool which are represented in honesty and consistency. The study objective can be achieved by proposing a model to enhance the credibility of the reports of the CAO on environmental performance of organizations in order to achieve a set of secondary objectives, e.g. development of standards, baselines, guidelines for developing environmental audit reports, ensuring the adequacy of environmental management systems in the organization and their actual compliance with environmental laws and legislative and safety requirements to reduce the exposure to environmental hazards in addition to the assessment of effectiveness of existing environmental management systems, provide consultation to the administration with regards to possible improvements of such systems in order to achieve environmental enhancement, ensure the accuracy and validity of financial statements related to environmental performance of the organization which is recorded in the accounting and non-accounting records and registers and any other reports related to environmental performance, ensure the validity of presented data and disclosure of any liabilities or possible losses resulting from environmental issues in the financial statements and annexes thereto for the audited organization. This research also sheds some light on environmental accounting, issues of environmental accounting measurement and submitting proposals thereto, in addition to the methodology to achieve a documented environmental audit process to identify subjective evidence, which match environmental measures to provide and disclose appropriate information and data, which have an impact on financial statements and related reports to enhance their credibility. By analyzing the model of enhancing credibility, all variables lead to increased credibility in the reports issued by the Authority.
In addition to the findings identified by the researcher in evaluating previous studies including the commitment to support and integrate environmental auditing in the work of senior auditing authorities, the study recommends the following:
Identify the methodology, which CAO should use when auditing government actions in the field of the environment, restructuring CAO and developing the environmental audit sector, participation and coordination between CAO in terms of verifying aspects of sustainable development, focusing CAO strategy on environmental auditing as a strategic priority, and activate the role of CAO in reviewing international environmental agreements.
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_56789_f240fecf230714f8d8fde4632e68a257.pdf
2019-03-01
303
339
10.21608/jes.2019.56789
Ahmed M. Z. A.
El Khawas
1
Institute of Environmental Studies and Research, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Mohamed A.
Khalifa
2
Faculty of Commerce, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Salah H.
Salam
3
Faculty of Commerce, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ACTIVATING THE INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM TO RATIONALIZE THE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE AN APPLIED STUDY ON CEMENT FACTORIES
There is increasing interest on the part of the state to protect the environment from the harmful effects of cement companies in Egypt. They have been associated with pollution of the environment and the resulting damage. The most affected are individuals living in industrial zones and suffering from severe chest diseases May lead to their lives from the severity of gravity.
The aim of this study was to identify the most important procedures for activating internal control for the purpose of environmental performance and to determine the relationship between activating internal control systems and rationalizing environmental performance. To achieve this goal, the researchers relied on theoretical rooting through the extrapolative approach of Arabic and foreign books, references and studies. Therefore, the main motive for conducting this study was the necessity of activating internal control to rationalize environmental performance in order to preserve the environment. The sample of the study in the cement factories and the number of 6 companies out of 19 companies in Egypt were collected data, The forms were distributed at the levels of financial managers and accountants to 105 of the levels mentioned in those companies.
The study reached the most important results: Environmental compliance with legal requirements and standards is a value in itself for the protection of the environment. Industry is the mainstay of raising economic growth rates. Environmental compliance must be carried out through a theoretical framework that uses the concepts of internal control and rationalization and measurement of environmental performance. The study recommended the establishment of environmental management in each industrial company to follow the standards and conditions allowed to reduce environmental pollution.
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_56790_ebac82878425259cc6cf1d80604f0722.pdf
2019-03-01
341
366
10.21608/jes.2019.56790
Eman M. Z.
Adam
1
Ministry of Education
AUTHOR
Khalid H.
Ahmed
2
Faculty of Commerce, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Salah A.
Abu El- Enain
3
Faculty of Sciences, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Kareem M.
Gohar
4
Faculty of Commerce, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
THE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS RESULTED IN WARS IN IRAQI IN THE TIME DURATION (1980 – 2015)
The current study objective is crystallized in identifying the social, economic, and environmental effects produced by successive wars on state of Iraq during the Gulf War I and the Gulf War II and finally the American invasion. The study counts on the descriptive-historical method.
The researcher uses for evaluating the study sample the random class sample, distributing (185) questionnaire formsand retrieved (181) forms (97.8%) of the distributed forms. The data collection tool for obtaining the primary data of study is represented in the questionnaire form that is designed to contain specific phrases built on the scales set by the researchers in the research field.
The researcher has distributed the questionnaire on study sample's items, replying their inquiries, collecting, unloaded and coded the data.
The study comes to several findings including: there are several negative impacts of successive wars on Iraq represented in the social impacts which on top that (Iraq has become a center for poverty, unemployment,whoredom, kidnapping and selling children, human organs trade, showoff place for gangs of children trade and smuggling, and higher up of the unemployment ratio that has reached more than 50% among youth, in addition to absence of social connections in the one area, loss of confidence among society individuals, penetration of the values and morals system in the Iraqi society).Moreover, the economic negative impacts are crystallized in the almost general paralysis in Iraqi economy because of the diffused corruption in the Iraqi government and its incapability to fulfill needs, or attract the foreign investment and benefit from economic aids programs granted to it. Added to that, the huge destruction the wars have left behind that has destroyed also the infrastructure of Iraq and damaged lots of institutions and economic establishments. Finally, the environmental effects are reflected in land salinity – desertification phenomenon – water pollution – soil air pollution – forming oil lakes in the desert, soil dissolution resulted in digging ditches and mine laying.
The study recommends the following: Working on prevailing peacefulness culture in the international community, particularly, war zones in the Middle east. Support diplomatic efforts for solving racial conflicts. Encouraging the international community to invest in Iraq. Working on removal of international penalties imposed on Iraq for supporting andliberalize Iraqi economy.
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_57381_2cc4087acd06f37caa5ce632ca576c7e.pdf
2019-03-01
367
390
10.21608/jes.2019.57381
Genan S.
Al-Rawe
1
Post Grad., Institute of Environmental Studies & Research, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Amal
Abdel Hameed
2
Faculty of Women, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Nermin
Ma&#;rouf
3
Faculty of Commerce, Al-Salmania University, Iraq
AUTHOR
Abeer
Abdel Hakam
4
Faculty of Commerce, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
THE ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL EVALUATION OF UTILIZATION A NON-CONVENTIONAL WATER RESOURCES FOR JOJOBA PLANT CULTIVATION IN EL-QAA PLAIN AREA, TUR SINAI
According to the global attention of conserving the environment and exploiting of its natural resources efficiently, and our limited share of River Nile water that estimated as 55 billion m3 annually, we must find alternative solutions to meet our needs of water resources, and to achieve the strategy of Egypt for sustainable development 2030. Therefore, this research concerns the examination of the potentiality of the benefit from non-conventional water resources in the development process in Sinai, especially at El-Qaa Plain area in Tur Sinai region, also aimed to evaluate the economic and financial dimension of use water resources in the cultivation of "Jojoba" plant due to its high economic and environmental value. Also, use the indicative and descriptive methods, as well as the analytical method of the collected data from different references and interviews, and calculate the economic feasibility of using these water in the cultivation of "Jojoba" by using some standards of economic and financial such as (NPV) and others.
In addition to, conducting analyze the inflation impact on the results of the economic and financial analysis to determine the sensitivity of the proposed project's profits to price changes that may happen in the costs and revenues components through project life. The research shows that the project has an ability to withstand market fluctuations and prices change on costs and returns, and it proved that the cultivation of "jojoba" would achieve the expected economic and environmental benefits, which would contribute to achieving sustainable development according to the available water resources in the region.
Keywords: Economic Evaluation, Financial Analysis, Feasibility, Jojoba, Sustainable Development, Tur Sinai.
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_57382_3eb49cae1c52377287508a414e58250c.pdf
2019-03-01
391
414
10.21608/jes.2019.57382
Shaimaa A.
El-Sayed
1
Economic Dep., Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency
AUTHOR
Abeer F.
Aly
2
Faculty of Commerce, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Gamal A.
Kamel
3
Groundwater Research Institute, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation
AUTHOR
Mohammed M.
Abd Rabou
4
Faculty of Commerce, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
COST ANALYSIS IN PRIVATE SCHOOLS EDUCATION TO IMPROVE THE APPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITIES - APPLIED STUDY
The study aims to analyze the costs of education in private schools to improve the application of environmental activities. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the inductive method was used in preparing the theoretical framework for research, problem formulation and research hypotheses, by extrapolating as much as possible from the scientific, Environmental issues. Statistical analysis was used to ascertain the validity of the hypotheses.
The study reached the following results: there is a statistically significant relationship between the cost of education in private schools and the quality of the educational process where the correlation coefficient value (661) was at the level of significance of 0.01. There is a significant correlation between the actual student cost and the environmental activities, where the correlation coefficient (0.796) was at the level of significance of 0.01. There is a statistically significant correlation between the cost analysis in private schools and the application of environmental activities. The correlation coefficient (0.737) was at the mean level of 0.01.
The most important recommendations of the researcher include the following: The shift from curriculum-based to student-centered education. Focus on the system of values and ethics to face the dangers arising from scientific and technical development. Helping the student to master more than one method of learning such as collaborative, innovative and exploratory education. The curriculum should pay close attention to non-descriptive activities such as visiting scientific clubs and museums. Stimulate the love of the environment and spread its culture in the community through the school. Dissemination of school interest to the environment will not be costly materially or morally, but will be a wide area wide capacity development and widening perceptions and activating social participation. Economy is part of the costs of educational activities and school activities for multiple environmental activities.
https://jes.journals.ekb.eg/article_57383_b4974543ce04557e53cfce04c8d7ad66.pdf
2019-03-01
415
436
10.21608/jes.2019.57383
Marian K.
Azmy
1
Synod of Nile Evangelical Schools
AUTHOR
Amr H.
Abdel Bar
2
Faculty of Commerce, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Osama M.
Frag
3
Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Hoda I. A.
Helal
4
Institute of Environmental Studies & Research, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR